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<td class="pageTitle" nowrap="true">Role: 设计人员</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">该角色负责在项目的需求、架构和开发流程的约束下设计系统的一部分。</td>
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<td>Role Sets: <a href="./../../rup/rolesets/developers_FC7B1449.html" guid="_qwxC8N7YEdmjRZts2c4ZjQ">开发人员</a></td>
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell" colspan="2" align="center"><p><map name="设计人员"><area href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_analysis_14743F05.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 10, 242, 42" alt="Operation Analysis" title="Operation Analysis" guid="_cnJO4N9yEdmvvvV6NEU6eA"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/operation_design_BF30F48F.html" shape="rect" coords="312, 10, 344, 42" alt="Operation Design" title="Operation Design" guid="_JPsAEN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/tasks/soa_service_design_AB6BA763.html" shape="rect" coords="414, 10, 446, 42" alt="Service Design" title="Service Design" guid="{9EB2B302-79F6-4DF8-AEB7-98E6AC1756DD}"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/class_design_98F20FF9.html" shape="rect" coords="516, 10, 548, 42" alt="类设计" title="类设计" guid="{27AE0601-2E95-4A6A-8EB3-0A4BA8E5626B}"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/design_testability_elements_4F187BB5.html" shape="rect" coords="618, 10, 650, 42" alt="设计可测性元素" title="设计可测性元素" guid="{635D3072-5A38-4EF8-B63E-08502EBBC8B4}"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/use_case_analysis_A6990185.html" shape="rect" coords="720, 10, 752, 42" alt="用例分析" title="用例分析" guid="{28014615-A62F-452D-B821-30C7CAB0EC44}"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/use_case_design_92D13EEE.html" shape="rect" coords="822, 10, 854, 42" alt="用例设计" title="用例设计" guid="{76E2B93D-051C-4B8C-BEA1-B40A40CBD986}"></area><area href="./../../rup/tasks/subsystem_design_5D1BCC0C.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 72, 242, 104" alt="子系统设计" title="子系统设计" guid="{CAA385CA-2BA2-40F2-8FE3-E21089D02119}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_message_BE931590.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 149, 242, 181" alt="Message" title="Message" guid="{DD9F96C3-4D00-4441-951E-2674B9AEE1C6}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_service_1EE4C96C.html" shape="rect" coords="312, 149, 344, 181" alt="Service" title="Service" guid="{FF65B0A2-6C53-4F01-9727-AACDB0D542C8}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_chan_BB29CCA8.html" shape="rect" coords="414, 149, 446, 181" alt="Service Channel" title="Service Channel" guid="{95AA7C70-6259-4627-B705-6A67E33A47BC}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_collab_76358B24.html" shape="rect" coords="516, 149, 548, 181" alt="Service Collaboration" title="Service Collaboration" guid="{9BBBE5B0-4D39-4555-9E20-0ADBD8327D29}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_component_E259F3CC.html" shape="rect" coords="618, 149, 650, 181" alt="Service Component" title="Service Component" guid="{447385A0-E565-4C87-A082-402AF21CA088}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_gtway_4D9ADED2.html" shape="rect" coords="720, 149, 752, 181" alt="Service Gateway" title="Service Gateway" guid="{B0BF4414-0382-4605-9EE9-82F0DEC7292C}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_service_model_623494B9.html" shape="rect" coords="822, 149, 854, 181" alt="Service Model" title="Service Model" guid="{E24679B7-19F1-483B-A1F1-578839C43888}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_partn_DC19AD3F.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 211, 242, 243" alt="Service Partition" title="Service Partition" guid="{C302AF5A-1591-4F26-94E5-C412866553BF}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_provider_C00D3410.html" shape="rect" coords="312, 211, 344, 243" alt="Service Provider" title="Service Provider" guid="{8427751F-3C14-4CEB-9816-5112BDB91EED}"></area><area href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_spec_37E89A91.html" shape="rect" coords="414, 211, 446, 243" alt="Service Specification" title="Service Specification" guid="{20F06B5E-95D5-422C-AB68-7C213D28533A}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_operation_AD3B6CA6.html" shape="rect" coords="516, 211, 548, 243" alt="操作" title="操作" guid="_vGkssN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_operation_realization_FE1CAA1E.html" shape="rect" coords="618, 211, 650, 243" alt="操作实现" title="操作实现" guid="_FViCMN91EdmvvvV6NEU6eA"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_analysis_class_DAF7CE03.html" shape="rect" coords="720, 211, 752, 243" alt="分析类" title="分析类" guid="{1E20603F-A5B8-42D5-BDBC-69DCE9C0FCDB}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_test_class_790117F2.html" shape="rect" coords="822, 211, 854, 243" alt="可测性类" title="可测性类" guid="{1C78947B-33D4-49AF-9E1F-655E7D74C53F}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_package_8376BC8E.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 273, 242, 305" alt="设计包" title="设计包" guid="{80CC5437-F481-487B-A69B-957D9D236D8D}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_class_B33BD5E5.html" shape="rect" coords="312, 273, 344, 305" alt="设计类" title="设计类" guid="{952A9CE9-D5A3-43AC-980D-0B9298F3872E}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_subsystem_1A8D169B.html" shape="rect" coords="414, 273, 446, 305" alt="设计子系统" title="设计子系统" guid="{A3C60B25-9780-4BFA-81AF-C1AD40D8A833}"></area><area href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_use_case_realization_E4F713BD.html" shape="rect" coords="516, 273, 548, 305" alt="用例实现" title="用例实现" guid="{87EB094F-095B-4981-ACC3-319B3B298641}"></area></map><img border="0" src="rup_designer_BA8DE74E.jpg" alt="设计人员" title="设计人员" usemap="#设计人员"/></p></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Modifies</th><td class="sectionTableCell" colspan="2">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_service_1EE4C96C.html" guid="{FF65B0A2-6C53-4F01-9727-AACDB0D542C8}">Service</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_component_E259F3CC.html" guid="{447385A0-E565-4C87-A082-402AF21CA088}">Service Component</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_service_model_623494B9.html" guid="{E24679B7-19F1-483B-A1F1-578839C43888}">Service Model</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/workproducts/soa_svce_model_svce_spec_37E89A91.html" guid="{20F06B5E-95D5-422C-AB68-7C213D28533A}">Service Specification</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_deployment_model_57DF1DF5.html" guid="{5981B6BE-2FD1-4984-AA94-2F7428439BA6}">部署模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_operation_AD3B6CA6.html" guid="_vGkssN90EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">操作</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_operation_realization_FE1CAA1E.html" guid="_FViCMN91EdmvvvV6NEU6eA">操作实现</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_analysis_class_DAF7CE03.html" guid="{1E20603F-A5B8-42D5-BDBC-69DCE9C0FCDB}">分析类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_analysis_model_76C3B70C.html" guid="{98EA224C-36F6-46E6-AB36-2999382B58B3}">分析模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_capsule_FC4A34FD.html" guid="{4423FCE1-FF59-4C8E-A6C4-AA4B13CB3250}">封装体</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_interface_9816B54F.html" guid="{C6938487-1DAA-4F6A-B3BC-CB99165F0680}">接口</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_test_class_790117F2.html" guid="{1C78947B-33D4-49AF-9E1F-655E7D74C53F}">可测性类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_package_8376BC8E.html" guid="{80CC5437-F481-487B-A69B-957D9D236D8D}">设计包</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_class_B33BD5E5.html" guid="{952A9CE9-D5A3-43AC-980D-0B9298F3872E}">设计类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_model_2830034D.html" guid="{8CDAEAD4-5E84-4F50-87FD-3240ED047DE7}">设计模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_design_subsystem_1A8D169B.html" guid="{A3C60B25-9780-4BFA-81AF-C1AD40D8A833}">设计子系统</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_usecase_model_EF15E534.html" guid="{9C66F2EC-EDEB-4369-9AFB-04B9E7CBCB8E}">用例模型</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_use_case_realization_E4F713BD.html" guid="{87EB094F-095B-4981-ACC3-319B3B298641}">用例实现</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul></ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">Main Description</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><a id="Top" name="Top"></a><a id="XE_designer_(role)__description_of" key="设计人员（角色）（designer）" text="描述" name="XE_designer_(role)__description_of" class="index"></a><a id="Description" name="Description"></a> 
<p>
    设计人员确定和定义设计元素的职责、操作、属性和关系。 设计人员确保设计与软件架构一致，并详细到可以继续实现的程度。
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">Staffing</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Skills</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><a id="Skills" name="Skills"></a> 
<p>
    设计人员对以下各方面必须具有可靠的实际知识：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        系统需求
    </li>
    <li>
        系统架构
    </li>
    <li>
        软件设计技术，包括面向对象的分析和设计技术，以及统一建模语言
    </li>
    <li>
        实现系统所用的技术
    </li>
    <li>
        关于设计如何与实现相关联的项目指导信息，包括在继续实现之前预期在设计中出现的详细程度。
    </li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Assignment Approaches</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><a id="RoleAssignment" name="RoleAssignment"></a> 
<p>
    可以向设计人员分配实现系统的结构部分（例如类或实现子系统）的职责，也可分配实现系统的功能部分（例如用例实现或使类／子系统交叉的特性）的职责。
</p>
<p>
    通常由一个人兼任实现者和设计人员，承担这两个角色的职责。
</p>
<p>
    可以对设计职责进行划分，这样，高级框架设计是一名设计人员的职责，而详细设计（例如操作签名的细节，或者帮助程序类的确定和设计）则交给另一名设计人员（该设计人员还担当实现者）。
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">More Information</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table class="sectionTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Checklists</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/checklists/analysis_class_D9F4426.html" guid="1.7472687916176848E-305">分析类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/checklists/design_package_A6ADC74E.html" guid="4.0129693828082837E-305">设计包</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/checklists/design_class_436B6210.html" guid="1.1028389988231071E-306">设计类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/checklists/design_subsystem_65DED9C0.html" guid="2.4204020119591446E-307">设计子系统</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/checklists/use-case_realization_444C8317.html" guid="9.828360528787822E-305">用例实现</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Concepts</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/whitepapers/developing_large-scale_systems_with_the_rational_unified_process_7AA2AF65.html" guid="1.768223108034868E-305">Developing Large-Scale Systems with the Rational Unified Process</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/guidances/whitepapers/modeling_security_concerns_in_service-oriented_architectures_3961AE50.html" guid="1.328991553095394E-305">Modeling Security Concerns in Service-Oriented Architectures</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/whitepapers/rup_xp_guidelines_test-first_design_and_refactoring_A33A468B.html" guid="8.942691179790163E-306">RUP/XP Guidelines: Test-first Design and Refactoring</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/guidances/whitepapers/uml_profile_for_software_services_7ADFB3D2.html" guid="2.972928238097629E-306">Unified Modeling Language (UML) Profile for Software Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/supplementary_reqs_flowdown_69E8E8A9.html" guid="_vt06oOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">补充需求分解</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/derived_requirements_736A0AC0.html" guid="_khKN4OM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">派生的需求</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/locality_E2133437.html" guid="_qmDvkOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">位置</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/system_architecture_5F3B1E17.html" guid="_1om3AOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">系统架构</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/use_case_flowdown_6BF482DB.html" guid="_6SxgEOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">用例分解</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/component_specification_1CF79FD.html" guid="_wfrDwOM8EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">组件规约</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Guidelines</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/generalization_94751549.html" guid="1.839540980397304E-305">泛化关系</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/association_98710829.html" guid="5.540135518285335E-305">关联</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/interface_18EF69A6.html" guid="3.6682388132488183E-305">接口</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/aggregation_A53E33AB.html" guid="1.1538495077622037E-304">聚集</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/class_diagram_B2F8A2E2.html" guid="4.2570304587974485E-305">类图</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/design_package_8CF100B8.html" guid="3.3691722315666536E-305">设计包</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/design_class_E98280BF.html" guid="2.914882084937444E-305">设计类</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/design_subsystem_B26FD609.html" guid="1.2314266786534317E-305">设计子系统</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/use-case-analysis_workshop_B07C9D03.html" guid="4.6416720607434916E-306">用例分析研讨会</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/use-case_realization_C690D81F.html" guid="1.6790343052744206E-305">用例实现</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/subscribe-association_1AB75163.html" guid="1.401846671640991E-305">预订关联</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Whitepapers</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/whitepapers/developing_large-scale_systems_with_the_rational_unified_process_7AA2AF65.html" guid="1.768223108034868E-305">Developing Large-Scale Systems with the Rational Unified Process</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/guidances/whitepapers/modeling_security_concerns_in_service-oriented_architectures_3961AE50.html" guid="1.328991553095394E-305">Modeling Security Concerns in Service-Oriented Architectures</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/whitepapers/rup_xp_guidelines_test-first_design_and_refactoring_A33A468B.html" guid="8.942691179790163E-306">RUP/XP Guidelines: Test-first Design and Refactoring</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup_soa_plugin/guidances/whitepapers/uml_profile_for_software_services_7ADFB3D2.html" guid="2.972928238097629E-306">Unified Modeling Language (UML) Profile for Software Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/supplementary_reqs_flowdown_69E8E8A9.html" guid="_vt06oOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">补充需求分解</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/derived_requirements_736A0AC0.html" guid="_khKN4OM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">派生的需求</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/locality_E2133437.html" guid="_qmDvkOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">位置</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/system_architecture_5F3B1E17.html" guid="_1om3AOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">系统架构</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/use_case_flowdown_6BF482DB.html" guid="_6SxgEOM9EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">用例分解</a>
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<a href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/component_specification_1CF79FD.html" guid="_wfrDwOM8EdmaZcY4PeqVxA">组件规约</a>
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